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| FACT |
| CA did not start with Trusco. |
| Baldo, Trusco's half brother was a carrier. |
| Deanna, Trusco & Baldo's mother was a carrier. |
| HIGHLY PROBABLE |
| Deanna's father Rex del Biancospino was a carrier. |
| LIKELY |
| Deanna's grandfather Biro del Torrione was a carrier. |
| FACT |
| The UK was unlucky and the US was lucky. |
| Trusco was an influential sire whose progeny were line-bred (to cousins, half-brother/sister and grand-father/grand-daughter), hence the surfacing of the CA gene. |
| FACT |
| Many spinoni in the US go back to Deanna through BALDO, a half brother to Trusco who certainLy was a carrier.
A majority of the dogs in the US go back to Biro del Torrione and/or Rex del Biancospino, who were likely carriers. |
| FACT |
| Know your pedigrees. |
| Know what you are breeding. |
